{
  "name": "Medication-Nutrient Interaction Database",
  "description": "Which medications deplete which nutrients, with mechanisms and severity. Use this to check if a user's medications create supplement needs.",
  "usage": "Query by medication name to find nutrient depletions and recommended supplementation.",
  "medications": [
    {
      "medication": "Oral Contraceptives",
      "medication_id": "birth-control",
      "us_users_millions": 14,
      "page_url": "https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/medications/birth-control/",
      "depleted_nutrients": [
        {
          "nutrient": "b6",
          "mechanism": "Increased tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism depletes B6",
          "severity": "moderate",
          "effect_size": "23% increased depression risk",
          "pmid": "27680324"
        },
        {
          "nutrient": "b12",
          "mechanism": "Altered binding protein levels reduce available B12",
          "severity": "moderate",
          "effect_size": null,
          "pmid": null
        },
        {
          "nutrient": "magnesium",
          "mechanism": "Increased urinary magnesium excretion",
          "severity": "moderate",
          "effect_size": null,
          "pmid": null
        },
        {
          "nutrient": "zinc",
          "mechanism": "Copper-zinc antagonism shifts toward copper dominance",
          "severity": "moderate",
          "effect_size": null,
          "pmid": null
        },
        {
          "nutrient": "folate",
          "mechanism": "Impaired folate metabolism; critical if pregnancy follows",
          "severity": "high",
          "effect_size": null,
          "pmid": null
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "medication": "Metformin",
      "medication_id": "metformin",
      "us_users_millions": 37,
      "page_url": "https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/medications/metformin/",
      "depleted_nutrients": [
        {
          "nutrient": "folate",
          "mechanism": "Secondary mechanism via B12-folate metabolic pathway",
          "severity": "moderate",
          "effect_size": null,
          "pmid": null
        },
        {
          "nutrient": "b12",
          "mechanism": "Calcium-dependent ileal absorption disruption",
          "severity": "high",
          "effect_size": "5.8-30% deficiency rate",
          "pmid": "26900641"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "medication": "Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)",
      "medication_id": "ppi",
      "us_users_millions": 33,
      "page_url": "https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/medications/ppis/calcium/",
      "depleted_nutrients": [
        {
          "nutrient": "calcium",
          "mechanism": "Acid-dependent calcium solubilization impaired",
          "severity": "moderate",
          "effect_size": "RR 1.30 hip fracture",
          "pmid": "16855264"
        },
        {
          "nutrient": "iron",
          "mechanism": "Gastric acid required for ferric-to-ferrous reduction",
          "severity": "moderate",
          "effect_size": "RR 2.56",
          "pmid": "27155887"
        },
        {
          "nutrient": "vitamin-c",
          "mechanism": "Reduced ascorbic acid absorption at higher pH",
          "severity": "low",
          "effect_size": "-12.3% plasma levels",
          "pmid": "15080570"
        },
        {
          "nutrient": "magnesium",
          "mechanism": "TRPM6/7 channel pH-sensitivity reduces intestinal absorption",
          "severity": "high",
          "effect_size": "OR 1.71",
          "pmid": "25023992"
        },
        {
          "nutrient": "b12",
          "mechanism": "Stomach acid required for B12 release from food proteins",
          "severity": "high",
          "effect_size": "OR 1.65",
          "pmid": "23325883"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "medication": "SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)",
      "medication_id": "ssri",
      "us_users_millions": 45,
      "page_url": null,
      "depleted_nutrients": [
        {
          "nutrient": "b12",
          "mechanism": "Associated with lower B12 levels in long-term users",
          "severity": "moderate",
          "effect_size": null,
          "pmid": null
        },
        {
          "nutrient": "vitamin-d",
          "mechanism": "Low D compounds depressive symptoms SSRI is treating",
          "severity": "moderate",
          "effect_size": null,
          "pmid": null
        },
        {
          "nutrient": "coq10",
          "mechanism": "Some evidence of mitochondrial effects reducing CoQ10",
          "severity": "low",
          "effect_size": null,
          "pmid": null
        },
        {
          "nutrient": "folate",
          "mechanism": "Folate required for serotonin synthesis; depletion reduces SSRI efficacy",
          "severity": "high",
          "effect_size": null,
          "pmid": "22950138"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "medication": "Statins (HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors)",
      "medication_id": "statin",
      "us_users_millions": 92,
      "page_url": "https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/medications/statins/",
      "depleted_nutrients": [
        {
          "nutrient": "vitamin-d",
          "mechanism": "Cholesterol pathway disruption may reduce D3 synthesis",
          "severity": "low",
          "effect_size": null,
          "pmid": null
        },
        {
          "nutrient": "coq10",
          "mechanism": "Mevalonate pathway inhibition blocks CoQ10 synthesis",
          "severity": "high",
          "effect_size": "16-54% reduction",
          "pmid": "28686047"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "disclaimer": "This is not medical advice. Always consult a healthcare provider about medication-supplement interactions.",
  "source": "https://verifiedsupplementdata.com",
  "last_updated": "2026-03-16",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0"
}